Project Management An Essential Component Of Modern Day...

Introduction Project management became an essential component in modern day economic activity which is used by project management team to deliver a successful project – it can be succinctly described in this way (Roberts 2011). Although management books and training programs reach billions, there are persistent management problems (Brightman, 2004). The main problem with projects management practices were relatively few – planning, project implementation, cost and time overruns and quality non-achievement (Zarina et al. 2014). For small companies, management process is often simple as they are highly centralized in nature (James 2000). Big company have monitoring problems and both cases constraints exists like scope, excellence, timetable, budget, resources, risks, consumer satisfaction, and stakeholder support (Fred 2015). Amongst them, scheduling time and cost is crucial. Often delay causes higher overhead costs (Chidambaram, Narayanan Arazi 2012). However, actual overruns of cos t and schedule slips in the very short run create tensions and leads to questions about controlling management and capability (Okpala Aniekwu, 1988). Different methodologies were developed over the last century for different project to serve individual purpose. To optimize taking care of the constraints in the iron triangle, Critical Path Method (CPM) is used over the years, which was successfully used over years to find out the right time to complete a project allocating resources in aShow MoreRelatedWe Create Happiness By Providing The Best In Entertainment1379 Words   |  6 PagesIntroductionï ¼ Essay Map â€Å"Culture can be the engine for economic, social and environmental transformation of the space in which we live. 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Introduction 1 1.1 Purpose 1 1.2 System Overview 2 1.2.1 System Description 2 1.2.2 Assumptions and Constraints 2 1.2.3 System Organization 3 1.3 Glossary 3 2 Management Overview 4 2.1 Description of Implementation 4 2.2 Points-of-Contact 4 2.3 Major Task 5 2.4 Implementation Schedule 5 3 Implementation Support 6 3.1 Personnel 6 3.2 ImplementationRead MoreMission Of A Organization Of Employees Running Together Essay1290 Words   |  6 PagesProject team is a small organization of employees running together on a brief basis whose project is to accomplish a selected purpose. mission managers paintings independently of the chain of command, and that they negotiate for assets with the heads of the road and staff departments whose members are assigned to the challenge. mission managers act as coordinators of the people and fabric want to finish the task. Being a part of a task encourages identity with the project, frequently main to highRead MoreStatistics and Decision-Making in Hrm1382 Words   |  6 Pagesstatistics an essential component of every business system. Managers of modern world are more inclined to apply the standards of management based on concrete statistical data, widely applying statistics in support of the business policies and procedures. The collection and processing of data increases awaren ess of managers thereby improving business outcomes. With further development during the twentieth century statistics became one of the fundamentals of management science. Management science isRead MoreInformation Security in Business Organizations1604 Words   |  6 Pages The business climate of today is extremely complex and challenging, forcing the economic agents to develop and implement a wide array of strategic efforts that help them overcome the threats. 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Project Management is in fact elaborated as project, program and portfolio management. More companies these days clearly sees the payoff from investing time, money and resources to build organizational project management expertise which ultimatelyRead More_Leadership Cannot Be Taught2556 Words   |  10 Pagesof the rapidly changing and growingly dynamic market place, the economic agents of the modern day society come to place more and more emphasis on management and leadership. These two notions are sometimes utilized as synonyms, yet important distinctions exist between them. Leadership as such is responsible for envisioning the future of the company and motivating the people to follow the company towards the set vision. 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Why Accountability Is Important Free Essays

Why Accountability Is Important It is important to note first, what accountability is. I will state why it is important as well as go over scenarios in dealing with accountability. Accountability means being liable to being called to account; answerable. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Accountability Is Important or any similar topic only for you Order Now A good military definition of the word would be and usually means to be liable for paperwork and or property, and personnel; usually of lesser grade and rank. When dealing with army leadership and duties; being a soldier and or a leader means being accountable for what you do or don’t do as well as implied duties and responsibilities. As a leader, being one means to be accountable not only for one’s actions, but for the actions of the soldiers for which you are assigned. One is to be accountable for equipment that is assigned to one’s-self as well. The department of defense states and defines accountability to be an obligation imposed by law or lawful order or regulation on an officer or other person for keeping accurate record of property, documents, or funds. The person having this obligation may or may not have actual possession of the property, documents, or funds. Accountability is concerned primarily with records, while responsibility is concerned primarily with custody, care, and safe-keeping. But again, let us not get the definitions confused. The term accountability differs from the term of responsibility. There is a big difference. There are reporting procedures and processes for recording and accounting for personnel and equipment. There are different types and ways of reporting within different sizes and types of elements of a command. There are also ways in which one will report to one who is in a designated duty position and or of higher rank and grade within different elements of commands. The ways in which a soldier may report can be orally or written in order to account for property, equipment, and or personnel. Soldiers must always be accountable for their actions. For every action there is a reaction. Soldiers are to be held to accountable for their actions because they represent the United States of America within the states as well as overseas in other parts of the world. Sometimes, we are the only source of information as to how people may think what our behavior is and how all other Americans may behave in their own country based off of even one soldier’s sole actions whether negative or positive. We must be accountable for what we do or don’t do. If we, as soldiers, are assigned a task that is to be completed, but we fail and do not get it accomplished, then we have to account and answer for it. If we lose a piece of equipment, it becomes lost or destroyed, we have to be held accountable for it and solve the problem to correct the situation however it may need to be corrected. Mission readiness is the answer to why accountability is so important. We must accomplish the mission at all costs with the least amount of loss whether it be soldiers or equipment. Without all of the soldiers or equipment present the mission may not be able to be accomplished. Even if only one soldier or piece of equipment is not present the mission may not be fully capable of being accomplished as the lack of either one would be detrimental to the mission. If a piece of equipment or a soldier is not on time at the start or finish of a mission, it may determine the outcome of the mission in regards to it being accomplished and a success or not. Either way, to be accountable for the pieces of equipment or the lack of soldiers present means providing an answer to someone else whom will have to be accountable for them to another. One will wish to know why a mission was not accomplished. A superior ranking individual will wish to know for sure. One who is accountable must have an answer. If we are not held accountable for our actions then someone else takes the blame or we never except responsibility for them and may become a pattern. If this happens, then we cannot correct the problem that causes the accountability error from the start. This would be due to a cognitive lethargic display of thought processes and or apathy. If it is not the sole cause, but a contributing factor then other problems that affect a soldiers or leaders life may be the main causal factor in not being held accountable for their actions. Someone is always accountable and answerable to the next one in a chain of command. When the answer is needed, an entire chain of command as to why and how a mission did not attain a status of successful or completed, it affects the entire chain of command and the army itself when you really think about it. One could debate about it in regards to the butterfly effect; or the chaos theory. The theory that one small move such as the flap of a butterfly wing or a car accident effects all of us on a world-wide level even though it may seem miniscule in nature. Leaders must be accountable for discipline, leadership, and training of the soldiers. While soldiers are accountable for their actions, equipment, and sometimes when directed, the actions of others; so are leaders for their subordinates actions and so forth up the chain of command. This is all an example of accountability. If we did not have this accountability in process as a standard in the United States Army then we would not be the successful fighting force that we are today. Leaders are under the most stress as they are held accountable for more actions than their soldiers. They are also responsible for training and mentorship of soldiers. They must lead and develop them to become better soldiers and future leaders themselves. Leaders have many duties and responsibilities that they must be accountable for. Keeping accountability of not only people, but equipment also helps cut down on waste. Fraud waste and abuse is a big deal in the army as there are rules and regulations to address these concerns within the army as it is written doctrine. Do you have any idea how much it would cost to replace all the equipment and people lost if leaders simply never noticed they were gone and constantly had to replace them? One of the United States military’s biggest concerns is to never leave a man behind, dead or alive. It is perhaps this knowledge that they will never be left which keeps many troops confident in their job. How hard would you fight if you knew that your life was expendable and should you go missing, you would be written off and forgotten? I know for myself that I would not fight very hard if nobody cared about me in general. Accountability is one of those ways to show subordinates that you do care about them. Others may look at it in a negative way. They may say that, â€Å"Man, he is always on my case about where I am and this and that†, but this is a way to know that one is being cared for. Knowing where items and troops are keeps superiors able to know what can be accomplished and planned as far as missions and tasks. How could a plan be carried out to its full potential if the equipment type and capability and an account for soldiers is not known as well? It would be impossible to get an accurate account in order to plan with without knowledge of this information. Having an account of this information also keeps the army nformed of how many more or less soldiers are needed to accomplish a mission or task. There is paperwork to be processed to help keep accountability for all of the personnel and equipment within any given unit or command group. If property is lost damaged or stolen, one will be held accountable for those issues in regards to them as well. If there is an investigation on the soldier(s) or piece(s) of e quipment, CID will be in charge and held accountable for the investigation. Everyone plays a part in accountability on some level, one way or the other. How to cite Why Accountability Is Important, Essay examples

Compare Contrast and Critically Assess

Question: Discuss about the Compare, Contrast and Critically Assess the Legal Regimes Applicable Under the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea in the (Territorial Sea) and (Straits Used for International Navigation). Answer: Articles 37 and 38 of the United Nations convention on the Law of the Sea (1982)[1] defines an international strait has been described as a strait that is used for international navigation between a part of the high seas or an exclusive economic zone to other part of the high seas. In this way, this definition includes both the states that overlap the territorial sea of the bordering state or states at some point and also the states through which there is a continuous corridor of high seas or an exclusive economic zone.[2] In this way, a strait can be described as a natural waterway, which is a contraction of the sea between two territories that have very limited width. There are more than two hundred waterways in the world that can be described as international straits according to this definition. The transit presage regime: According to the LOS convention, there is a regime of transit concerning both the ships and aircraft passing through an international strait that overlaps the bordering territorial seas by at least at its narrowest part.[3] The meaning of the term transit presage, "which shall not be impeded" is that the exercise of the freedom of navigation and over flight only for the purpose of expeditious and continuous transit through the strait. However it needs to be mentioned that certain carefully drafted exemptions are present to the transit presage provisions that have been mentioned in the Convention. These exceptions have been mentioned below. The message of ships and aircrafts is to be allowed in their "normal mode" of transit.[4] This term can be integrated as having the meeting that for example the submarines may transit submerged, if the depth of the strait is sufficient to allow such an operation. This interpretation is consistent with the Third United Na tions Conference on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). Warships and military aircraft in transit presage: The law provides that while exercising their right of passage, ships and aircraft are required to proceed through or over the strait without any delay. However, the concept of transit message does not preclude the presage through the strait when it is being done for entering, leaving or returning from a State that borders the strait, although the conditions of entry to such a State may apply. When a ship or an aircraft is in transit message, it should avoid any threat or their use of the real force against the territorial integrity, sovereignty or the political independence of the State that borders the strait. In the same way, such ships or aircraft is required to refrain from the activities, except the activities that are incidental to the normal mode of expeditious and continuous transit, unless such an activity has been made necessary by distress or force majeure.[5] Under the present legal regime, it is required that the vessels in transit are required to comply with the international regulations, practices and procedures that are generally accepted for safety at sea and for the prevention and control of pollution created by the ships. The intention behind the introduction of these provisions is to ensure that the transit passage vessels comply with the international conventions that have been adopted by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) during the last d ecades and that now enjoy legal force.[6] Freedom of the sea doctrine: After 1945, the unlimited freedom enjoyed by the great maritime powers was challenged. When significant resources were discovered in the sea, particularly the discovery of oil under the sea,, an increase in the use of oceans and coastal fishery resources, which were increasingly threatened by better equipped and larger ships coming from distant water fishing states, there was a reaction from the smaller coastal states and it was found that the unlimited freedom of the great maritime powers was not adequate.[7] After the Second World War, there was a transformation in the international Society and the collapse of European colonialism. A large number of States became the new members of the international Society. More than 90 states acquired independence after 1945 and out of these days, a large number the coastal states. Therefore the international law had to take care of the interests of all these dates. Only some newly independent states have taken part i n the first (1958) and the second (1960) UN Conference on the Law of the Sea. But by that time they were not organized and politically strong to have an impact on the decisions of these conferences. The result was that they played a minor role. However during the third UN Conference on the Law of the Sea, which took place amid 1973 to 1982 for the purpose of regulating the new uses of the sea these developing nations were ready to play an important role.[8] These countries wanted that there should be a complete review of the international law of the sea. The result was that the major confrontation that took place at the UNCLOS III (1982) was not between East and West (or communism versus capitalism) , but it took place between the great maritime powers, which were technologically advanced and on the other hand, by the developing countries.[9] While the maritime powers wanted to ensure their security and also won the two maximize the benefits from the sea, as well as the new found re sources from the sea on the basis of their advanced technology, the developing countries were looking for more security and wanted to introduce changes in the traditional law for the purpose of developing new equitable rules related with the exploitation of the sea. Reasons behind this special regime: The regime related with the straits used for international passage is generally treated as being concluded during the negotiations related with the UN Conference on the Law of the Sea (1982), but it needs to be noted that a detailed study related with the major International Strait indicates that still there are certain outstanding problems at the local level, as well as some general problems. During these negotiations, it was found that the two superpowers, the United States of America and the USSR were in the same camp while developing countries that were located on the borders of these straits for in the opposite camp. During these negotiations, the position adopted by the maritime powers was that the issue of straits is non-negotiable, particularly as a result of the relationship that exists among the issue of the states and the various aspects of the law of the sea, especially the issue of territorial sea expansion. If the right to transit pas sage would not have been granted by the UNCLOS III Convention (1982) the territorial seas would have overlapped.[10] 116 international straits and the commercial and military transit would have been covered by the provisions of innocent passage. Although the transit passage was required by the maritime forces and particularly it was required under the comprehensive treaty by the United States and USSR, the main reason behind providing the transit rights. Is that these rights are in interest of all the members of the international community. There are several international states that are used by the shipping trade of the world as a route.[11] If the coastal states were allowed to have extended jurisdiction in these straits, it would have allowed them to unilaterally control or impose conditions on this significant community and as a result, there would be inequitable and insufficient freedom, which may have resulted in conflict. The transit through international straits is basically different from the transit through territorial sea and this position has been recognized by all the member states in their common interest.[12] On the other hand, if the transit through international straits was not recognized by the states as such, then the common interest would have eroded as a result of the unwarranted restrictions placed on transit, uncertainty of transit rights, discrimination by the users, efforts for achieving economic and political gain in return a message, inconsistent and inefficient regulations, increasing political tension and probability even military confrontation.[13] But at the same time, it also needs to be mentioned that in order to be fair and lasting, it is required that the straits regime should fulfill the interests of the strait states regarding the safety of navigation through these straits and also related to the protection of marine environment. In this way, a balance needs to be maintained between the interests of the strait states and the interests of naval powers and international community.[14] This will allow the promotion of security and common interest in the international system. Apart from the above mentioned fundamental basis behind the transit passage regime to international states, certain other factors of concern are also present, including strategic and commercial concerns. These include:- All states including the maritime powers, land locked states or the flag states are benefited as a result of uninterrupted movement of the vessels and cargo throughout the world and also through the international straits. In this way, the free transit through international straits is beneficial for international trade and also for the national strategy in case of some nations. The industrialized nations, as well as several developing countries also rely on the supply of oil through tankers, which in many cases as to pass through international straits.[15] The submarines are designed for running submerged. Therefore, this is the normal mode for the submarines. On surface, these submarines unless maneuverable and similarly, the collision avoidance systems are also less efficient.[16] Even in case of good visibility, they are hard to see and thay are represented by a small, even misleading radar target for the other ships so that they may avoid them. They are also required to travel in high density traffic along with the increased risk of collision.[17] As a result of these reasons, the submarines do not transit through straits, unless there is sufficient depth and other hydrographic characteristics, which make it safe for the submarines to navigate submerged. On the other hand, if the submarines have to navigate on the surface through the straits, it will significantly increase the risk of collision. In case of shallow straits, the submarines do not transit in any mode.[18] If the strait states were allowed to have control over navigation overflight, it may result in "creeping jurisdiction". This means that the national or international rules, as well as the rights and duties may be extended over and under the sea, in the Straits and coastal zones and in other parts of the high seas. Such a situation would be applicable to all the modes, including the commercial ships and aircraft as well as the military ones.[19] In case the strait states were allowed discretion to control shipping or aviation in the international Straits, it may result in conflict due to the reason that their strategic importance will increase significantly.[20] The result is that they will have the chance to use great political leverage for the purpose of influencing the regional international affairs or against a superpower that is hostile to them. In such a case, although it does not mean that the superpower will not be in a position to impose its will, however significant diplomatic efforts may be required and there will be costly delays.[21] Conversely, a more restrictive transit regime may also result in problems for the states that are bordering the straits. For example, these states may be required to take tough political decisions. The rights and duties of these states will increase and as a result they will have to face greater burdens. Either they will be required to adopt harder stance or they may be required to compromise. After establishing that basic reasons are present for assigning a special regime for passage through international straits, the legal regime governing the international straits can be evaluated. For the purpose of achieving a clear understanding related with the legal regime that governs the international states, the focus needs to be on the analysis of the relevant articles of UN Convention on the Law of the Seas III (1982). After the signing of UNCLOS III (1982), there have been significant changes in the world.[22] The international straits, as an issue of common use and concern, have been impacted as a result of these changes. The recent technological developments, economic growth, environmental concerns, all are related to the issue of the use of international straits and solve certain problems but at the same time, also result in creating other problems.[23] The legal regime related with international straits falls under the purview of public Law of the Sea. This in turn falls under international law. In this way, the relationship between the sovereign states are regulated by the international law.[24] Some of the video sources of international law as described in Article 38 (I), Statute of the International Court of Justice, which is the primary judicial organ of the UN includes international conventions, establishing rules that are expressly recognized by contesting states, international customs as an evidence of general practice that is accepted as law, the general principles of law that are recognized by civilized nations, judicial decisions and teachings of highly qualified academics of different countries as the subsidiary means of deciding the rules of law.[25] The Law of the Sea (LOS) can be considered as the oldest, as well as the most dynamic branches of international law. The law of the sea includes is based on the will of the nations to cooperate and it is concerned with the economic competition that is present between them and at the same time. It also concerns the contribution of naval warfare by other means. In the present assignment, the focus is on the sources of law of the sea related with international straits. For this purpose, the three UN conferences on the Law of the Sea needs to be discussed briefly. Similarly, the articles of 1982 convention related with the legal regime concerning international straits will be analyzed in detail.[26] The first UN conference: The first UN Conference on the Law of the Sea took place between February to April, 1958 in Geneva. In this conference, 86 states adopted the below mentioned four conventions. These were the Territorial Sea and Contiguous Zone, The Continental Shelf, the High Seas and Fishing and Conservation of the Living Resources of the High Seas. The above mentioned four conventions entered into force during 1962 to 1966. The issue related the navigation through international straits was discussed within the regime of navigation through territorial sea. In this regard, Article 16 mentions that there should be no suspension of innocent passage of foreign ships through the states that are used for international navigation from one part of the high seas to the other part or to the territorial sea of a foreign State. With regard to the navigation of submarines through international straits, it was mentioned in Article 16 that the submarines are required to navigate on surface and similarly they were required to show their flag when they were passing through territorial sea which includes the straits. However, the first UN Convention does not contain any provisions related with air navigation except the general assertion that the sovereignty of coastal state extends t airspace over the territorial sea.[27] The third UN Conference on the Law of the Sea: The third UN conference took place amid 1973 to 1982. It was held in New York, Geneva, Montego Bay and Caracas. The final version of this Convention was signed in December 1982. It was signed by 117 states. The Convention was closed for signature in 1984, and by that time, it was signed by 157 States. The convention entered into force on 16th of November, 1994. This UN Convention is considered as the most significant convention related with all the matters concerning the law of the sea, including the international straits. Some of the most significant interests that have been discussed in the nine years of difficult discussions include the security interests of the coastal states, protecting the resources of coastal states and the need for protecting the freedom of navigation of ships and aircrafts.[28] Part III of the UNCLOS III (1982) provides for a special regime concerning the straits that are used for international navigation. The convention includes a carefully negotiated compromise that tries to maintain balance between the interests of the user states as well as the interests of the states falling on the borders of international straits. Article 34 provides for the legal status of the waters that form the straits that are used for international litigation. It provides that the regime of passage through international straits provided for in this part shall not affect the legal status of the waters forming such straits and similarly do not affect the exercise of sovereignty or jurisdiction over the water and air space by the states bordering the straits. It is further mentioned that the sovereignty or jurisdiction of the bordering states of the straits as to the exercise keeping in view the provisions of this part and also the other applicable rules of international law. According to Article 3 of the Convention, it has been provided that the coastal states can claim the territorial sea up to 12 180 miles from the baselines along their coasts. Consequently, there are a number of international states that now fall within the territorial sea of a particular state bordering the international strait. However, the jurisdiction and sovereignty of the state falling on the border of the international strait is not the same as is the case with the rest of the territorial sea. Article 34 of the Convention provides that the jurisdiction and sovereignty of the state that borders an international strait needs to be exercised in accordance with the provisions of Part III of the convention and the other applicable rules of international law.[29] The major limitation that has been placed on the sovereignty of states falling on the border of international straits is the regime of transit passage. Article 35 is concerned with the scope of this part. It provides that no thing in this part shall have an impact on any areas of internal waters within the strait, apart from the area where the establishment of a strait baseline according to the method provided in article 7 has the effect of enclosing as internal water areas that were not considered as an earlier. Similarly, it will not affect the legal status of the waters beyond the territorial seas of a bordering state as exclusive economic zone. It further provides that nothing in part III will affect the legal regime in the Straits, where passage is regulated wholly or partly by long-standing international conventions that are particularly relating with such a strait. The right of transit passage and the obligations that are created by it are not applicable in case of the internal waters of the strait. Similarly, it will not affect the legal regime beyond territorial seas or the exclusive economic zone. The articles of 1982 convention related the transit passage shall not affect the long-standing conventions regarding the passage regime in some of the international straits. In this regard, the term 'long-standing' is being used so that there is no impact on the straits like the state of Constantinople as in this case. The passage is regulated by the Montreux Convention, 1936. In the same way, the Baltic straits and the straits of Magellan are also regulated by long-standing international conventions.[30] Article 36 of the convention provides that High Sea Routes or the routes that fall through the exclusive economic zone in the strait can be used for international navigation. It has been provided that the provisions of this part are not applicable to a strait. That is used for international navigation, if through the strait, a route through the high seas or through exclusive economic zone of similar convenience regarding navigational and hydrographical characteristics is present. In case of these routes, the other relevant parts of the convention, including the provisions concerning the freedom of navigation and over flight will be applicable. This article provides that if the breadth of the international strait is more than the breadth of the territorial sea of the bordering state, in such a case, there is a sea corridor present through the high seas or the EEZ. If the route is convenient for navigation, in context of navigational and hydrographical characteristics, then the right for transit passage will not be applicable in case of such a strait. Article 37 is applicable to the straits that are used for international navigation between a part of the high seas on an exclusive economic zone and some other part. In this way, article 37 provides the right areas that a strait shall comply with all the purpose of being described as an international strait. There are two criteria that needs to be complied with. First of all, it should either connect one part of the high sea with the other part or with another exclusive economic zone. An exclusive economic zone can be described as an additional belt of the sea beyond the territorial sea up to 200 miles from the baseline of the coastal state, where the state has sovereign rights over the resources, but not over the waters. In this way the status of EEZ is different from that of the territorial sea. Article 38 is related with the right of transit passage. Therefore, in case of the straits that have been mentioned in article 37, all the ships and aircraft have the right of transit passage, which should not be impeded except if the strait is formed by an island belonging to a border state of the strait and its mainland, the transit passage will not be applicable if there is a route, seaward of the island, through the high seas or an EEZ of similar convenience. It can be said in the end that the UNCSOL 1982 provides the most basic reforms to law of the sea since 1493 when Pope Alexander VI bulls divided the oceans of the world and land between Spain and Portugal. This convention is considered as the established guide for the legal, political and technical matters related with the use of the seas. Apart from the other arrangements (EEZ, continental shelf regime, the 12 NM territorial regime), this convention has also produced the legal regime related with the international Straits. As mentioned in part III and articles 34 to 45. Hence, the regime of transit message through international Straits helps in restricting the likely desire of the coastal states to extend their sovereignty by way of increased regulation or in other words, creeping regulation. During the negotiations for UNCLOS III, the maritime powers have strongly requested for the regime of transit passage through international Straits. The reason was that it allows their navies t o attain the required mobility, as well as the necessary operational flexibility as it provides the assurance that the important lines of communication will be open as an international legal right. Bibliography Alexandersson, G. (1982). The Baltic straits. The Haque: Martinus Nijhoff publishers Anand, R.P. (1983). Origin and development of the law of the sea. The Haque: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers Anderson, D.H. (1998). The imposition of tolls on ships: A review of international practice. Singapore Journal of International and Comparative Law. 2, 400-407 Beckman, R.C. (1998). The international legal regime governing the safety of navigation and the prevention of pollution in international straits. Singapore journal of international and comparative law. 2, 350-392. Bernaert, A. (1998). Bernaerts guide to the law of the sea. Surrey: Fairplay publications Booth, K. (1985). Law force and diplomacy at sea. London: George Allen Unwin Brown, E.D. (1994). The international law of the sea Vol.1 Introductory manual. England: Darmouth publishing company Cuyvers, L. (1986). The strait of Dover. The Haque: Martinus Nijhoff publishers Djalal, H. (1998). Pointers in the safety of navigation in the straits of Singapore. Singapore Journal of International and Comparative Law. 2, 436-441 Farthing, B and Brownrigg,M., (1997), Farthing on international shipping.London:LLP Gold, E. (1991)Maritime affairs: A world handbook (2nd edition). The oceans institute of Canada. Essex, Longman Group, U.K Gold, E. (2000) Preventing and managing marine pollution in the Malacca and Singapore straits: Framework for co-operation. Retrieved from www on 12 March 2012: https://www.sils.org/seminar/1999-straits-09.htm Karma, W.S.W. Woon,S.L. (1998). Safety of navigation in the straits of Malacca and Singapore. Singapore Journal of International and Comparative Law. 2, 290-300 Koh T. (1993)The safety of navigation through international straits. BIMCO Bulletin-Special issue 1993, p. 46-49 Laifer, M. (1978). Malacca, Singapore and Indonesia. The Haque: Martinus Nijhoff publishers Lapidoth, R.E. (1982). The Red sea and the gulf of Aden. The Haque: Martinus Nijhoff publishers Meyer, A.T. (1998). Tanker design features and the safety of navigation. Singapore Journal of International and Comparative Law. 2, 517-526. Moore, J.N. (1980). The regime of straits and the third United Nations conference on the law of the sea. American journal of international law, 74, 77-121 Natarajan, R. Ross, A. (1998). Analysis of the state of the marine environment of the straits of Malacca and Singapore. Singapore Journal of International and Comparative Law. 2, 323-339 Peet, G. (1994). Financing straits management. Conference proceedings of the Kuala Lumbur (KL) Workshop on the strait of Malacca organized by MIMA on 2425 January 1994 Peters, H.J. (2000). The world economy and sea trade.In Baltic and International Maritime Council, BIMCO review 2000 (pp.24-28) Ramazani, R.K. (1979). The Persian gulf and the strait of Hormuz. The Haque: Martinus Nijhoff publishers Rozakis, C.I. Stagos, P.N. (1987): The Turkish straits. The Haque: Martinus Nijhoff publishers Scovazzi, T. (1995). Forms of co-operation between bordering and user States.: A comparative study of straits regime. The Kuala Lumbur (KL) Workshop on the Strait of Malacca 2425 January 1995. Malaysian Institute of Maritime affairs: (MIMA),Conference proceeding Shuo, M. (1999). Maritime Economics. Unpublished lecture handout, World Maritime University, Malm, Sweden Shuo, M. (1999). Maritime Economics. Unpublished lecture handout, World Maritime University, Malm, Sweden Singhota, S.J. (1998). The IMOs role in promoting safety of navigation and control of marine pollution in the straits of Malacca and Singapore. Singapore Journal of International and Comparative Law. 2, 436-441 Truver, S.C. (1980). The strait of Gibraltar and the Mediterranean sea. The Haque: Martinus Nijhoff publishers. Truver, S.C. (1980). The strait of Gibraltar and the Mediterranean sea. The Haque: Martinus Nijhoff publishers U.N. Convention on the law of the sea, New York, United Nations 1982.

Rested Essays - Bedding, Mattresses, Beds, Mattress, Bed

Rested? The end of the day for some people can be very relaxing. The days that seem to be the longest, and most stressful, seem to always be the ones that require a good nights sleep. Some statistics show that people spend about one-fifth of there life sleeping. That is a lot of time that we spend on a bed resting. Considering that we are going to spend about 5-10 years sleeping, I would imagine that people want to spend at least half of this time being comfortable. After all, what good is a nights sleep if a person can't enjoy it throughout the whole night? Doctors say that sleeping is your body's way of repairing and replenishing itself. In other words, it is a very serious thing to think about when you lye down on that bed of yours. The amount of rest that a person receives is directly related to the mattress that cradles them throughout the night. When I think of a mattress, there are several things that characterize a good mattress. The first thing is the size of the mattress. I cannot see how the big and tall people of this world, fit on little twin size beds. How can a person be comfortable when his/her feet are hanging off the bed? That is something that I ask myself everyday. Another characteristic of a quality mattress is in the actual construction of it. If a mattress is cheaply constructed and has loose springs as its main foundation, it is probably not going to be very supportive to the body. More often than not, the price of a mattress will reflect the quality of construction and the time it took to carefully construct it. A quality mattress should also be very supportive to the body and especially to the back. Another thing that some people tend to not think about is the age of a mattress. If a mattress is older than five years, it is most likely going to be non-supportive of the back and body. The construction of a mattress consists of springs and coils. In old mattresses, these springs tend to sag after approximately five to seven years. After these springs sag, the mattress begins to show signs of wear, and will not be very supportive any more. Comfort lies in the construction of a mattress. The most important thing that a mattress should have is comfort. If it is not comfortable, you will not receive a very good nights sleep. Since a person spends about a fifth of his/her life sleeping, you should definitely be comfortable while doing it. The mattress that I lay on every night lacks most of these characteristics. My mattress is a full size mattress that has little comfort and little support. I like to describe my mattress as ?the taco bed.? The reason I say this is because when you sit or lay in it, it literally forms around you as if you are the meat in a taco and are about to be eaten. Maybe this is because of the fact that I am a bit heavy, but it shows that the construction of it was cheaply made. This mattress was an additional piece of furniture that was in my apartment and part of the ?furnished? monthly rent. This is most definitely a big reason why it is so cheaply constructed. Apartment complexes that rent ?furnished? apartments are not interested in the comfort of you, they are interested in the money that is to come out of you. So in turn, the company spends little money on the actual furnishings, and that means that you are stuck with ?the taco bed.? The ?taco? that I sleep on definitely show's signs of w ear. It has only been slept on for about eight months. This mattress is probably the cheapest mattress that can be bought in today's industry, and has all the attributes of a poorly constructed mattress. My mattress is also a somewhat shorter version of a full size bed, meaning that my feet hang off of it. When I attempt to cover my bed with sheets, they do not fit the bed. The sheets tend to be loose fitting

3 Ways to Get Ready for the Storm

3 Ways to Get Ready for the Storm Safe rooms are great, but homeowners have other options to prepare for that perfect storm. Faced with extreme weather, responsible property owners protect both their premises and the people who live there. Safe rooms can protect lives, but what are some steps to take to protect your property? Whether your home is old or new, it may not be able to withstand the fierce winds of a hurricane or tornado. Falling debris can shatter windows and strong wind can cause any weak places in the home to give way - photos show us how an EF2 tornado can rip a board from an awning and impale it deep into an adjacent solid concrete wall. Houses should be built, or rebuilt, to withstand natural hazards - wind, water, fire, and the shaking earth. Some of the most durable homes built today are constructed of insulated concrete forms. These hollow foam blocks and panels are reinforced with concrete, making them especially resistant to wind and waves. But, even a house made from concrete can have points of weakness. To protect your home, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) recommends that you pay special attention to three key areas - the roof, the windows, and the doors, including the garage door, if you have one. Focus on Storm-Proofing These Areas 1. The RoofFirst determine what type of roof you have and what environmental dangers are likely to occur. Homes with gabled roofs are more likely to suffer damage from high winds. A gable roof can be strengthened by installing additional braces in the trusses and/or at the gable ends. A qualified builder can install galvanized metal hurricane straps and clips to help secure the roof to the walls. The idea is transfer wind loads by keeping the joints in your home all connected - roof to wall, floor to floor, and wall to foundation, as explained in this YouTube video by StrongHomes. For new construction, consider different types of construction. The DAWG HAUS, or Disaster Avoidance With Good Home Attenuating Unionization System, is a bracket-system of construction being taught in many vocational schools. It will obviously increase construction costs, but the brackets and labor spent on installation will pay for itself after the first storm. Firestorms are just as devastating as wind to the roof of your property. A ceramic tile roof is no match for flying embers compared with the neighbors shake shingle roof. For homeowners in fire-prone areas, remove vegetation from around your home and protect your property from flying embers - windborne debris as dangerous as a steel beam. 2. The WindowsMost damage occurs when debris punctures a window and compromises the premises.The easiest and most effective way to protect windows and glass doors is to install storm shutters. Storm shutters are not decorative, but functional additions to mitigate damage - which is the original purpose of shutters. Building supply stores sell many kinds of storm shutters, from high-tech fabric to automated accordion. You can also make your own shutters out of plywood, or install permanent shutter frames that will hold units in place when needed. Shutters are in addition to what is called windborne debris-resistant glazing (glass), according to FEMA technical assistance. 3. The Doors Most doors do not have bolts or pins strong enough to withstand storm-force winds. Garage doors can be strengthened by installing horizontal bracing in each panel. Bracing kits can often be purchased from garage door manufacturers. You may also need to add stronger supports and heavier hinges for your garage doors. These projects cannot guarantee the safety of your home, but, if done correctly, they may be able to minimize storm damage. Also consult with building professionals in your area, and be sure to check your local building code requirements. Retrofitting and Mitigating Retrofitting is making changes to an existing building to protect it from flooding or other hazards, such as high winds and earthquakes, states FEMA.   Construction technologies, including both methods and materials, continue to improve, as does our knowledge of hazards and their effects on buildings. Hazard mitigation is sustained action taken to reduce or eliminate long-term risk to people and property from hazards such as floods, hurricanes, earthquakes, and fires. - FEMA P-312 FEMA encourages homeowners in hurricane and tornado prone regions to construct safe rooms. A safe room is a structurally-sound space strong enough to provide protection from any number of hazards.   Even people who live in brick homes, once considered the safest of all construction, are at risk from the rising tide of earthquakes - unreinforced masonry buildings or URMs have brick walls without steel reinforcing bars embedded within them. Retrofitting URMs is addressed in FEMA publication P-774, Unreinforced Masonry Buildings and Earthquakes. Determining risk and retrofitting your property to mitigate risk are profound responsibilities for any property owner - especially in an era of extreme weather and induced seismicity. Sources FEMA 247, Against the Wind: Protecting your Home from Hurricane and Wind Damage, December 1993, PDF at www.fema.gov/media-library-data/20130726-1505-20490-3483/agstwnd.pdf Safe Rooms, FEMA Protection of Openings – Shutters   and   Glazing, Technical Fact Sheet No. 6.2, FEMA, 2010, PDF at www.fema.gov/media-library-data/20130726-1537-20490-6588/fema499_6_2.pdfFEMA P-312, Homeowners Guide to Retrofitting 3rd Edition, 2014, PDF at www.fema.gov/media-library-data/1404148604102-f210b5e43aba0fb393443fe7ae9cd953/FEMA_P-312.pdfFEMA P-774, Unreinforced Masonry Buildings and Earthquakes: Developing Successful Risk Reduction Programs, October 2009, PDF at www.fema.gov/media-library-data/20130726-1728-25045-2959/femap774.pdf Websites accessed August 18, 2017.

5 Questions to Always Ask at an Internship Interview

5 Questions to Always Ask at an Internship Interview You’re all prepped and ready, and you’ve sailed through your internship interview. You’re all dressed up and feeling like a power adult and then: WOMP. The interviewer asks you a question you will probably come to dread in your job-searching life, but aren’t quite prepared for now: â€Å"What questions do you have for us?† Even seasoned pros can get tripped up at this point in an interview. But you can dazzle your interviewer by not skipping a beat and asking the following five questions in your internship interview. Plus, you’ll get necessary information you probably didn’t realize you needed.1. How would you describe the work culture here?Getting a feel for the atmosphere, the pace, the camaraderie or lack thereof, is really important in determining whether you’d be a good fit. Ask the recruiter to sketch out what happens in a typical day. Whether there is an established routine, and how exact it is.2. What is your favorite as pect of working for this company?They probably won’t be expecting this one, so it’s your chance to turn the tables a bit. Push for a real answer. (Though you probably won’t have to; remember the interview process is also about the hiring manager selling you on the job. Give them the chance to sweeten it up for you!)3. What have interns done before me that really made them stand out?This does double duty. It shows you’re hungry to impress them and excel, and it also gives you a great leg up, if you were to land the position, on how to hit the ground running. Listen very carefully, and take good notes.4. Is there anything I can clarify for you?And the follow-up: â€Å"Or any hesitations about my qualifications?† It’s bold and assertive without being too pushy and shows that you’re eager to prove your worth to them while being sensitive to their precise needs for the position.5. What will the next step in this process be?You know youâ₠¬â„¢re going to go home and sweat this out. But you probably don’t realize you’re allowed to ask for a ballpark timeline of what to expect and when. It’s also a great way to bring an interview to a close. If they say they’re still interviewing for another 4-6 weeks, then you’ll know not to sit at home by your phone for the next month.Note any important dates in your calendar, and make sure to leave a friendly and positive impression as you leave the office. Eventually, this process will get easier!

Situation 1 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Situation 1 - Coursework Example Lugar was inspired by the personal experience he got when helping out his mom with her garage sale. Prior work experience might also contribute in Lugar’s idea. Through his experience with other garage sales in the area, Lugar believed that he had the capability to offer new services to people regarding garage sales. Lugar’s start up idea is worth trying. The fact that Lugar has good pricing insights and is ready to use advertising to make his business feasible and successful gives him an upper hand in the area. Using pricing strategies for the garage sales idea is an important service differentiation method that can offer superior performance and thus, competitive advantage in the market. Wise pricing will help customers happy because they will maximize their profits and risk of not selling the garage items. Lugar’s pricing strategy might help ensure customer loyalty thus make the concept successful. However, before developing the concept into a business plan Lugar needs to conduct a feasibility analysis to assess the probability of the business becoming successful (Longenecker, Petty, Hoy, & Palich,

MDCM (B) write up Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

MDCM (B) write up - Case Study Example & Norton, J. F., â€Å"MDCM, Inc. (B): Strategic IT Portfolio Management†). Along with defining, prioritizing and framing useful recommendations, the paper also constitutes a score card in order to evaluate each prioritized projects and also comparing the prescribed projects using the Portfolio Application Model Matrix (Jeffery, M. & Norton, J. F., â€Å"MDCM, Inc. (B): Strategic IT Portfolio Management†). The MDCM corporate board should keep prime focus upon defining, initiating and prioritizing top IT projects that should support or help MDCM’s strategic business goals in order to compensate huge losses that the organization faced during the last five successive years. In this connection, the MDCM board should assess their prioritized projects initiative that would ultimately provide high value and low risk towards the business organization. Moreover, the corporate board of MDCM should lay emphasis upon the long-term competitive advantage of the organization along with tackling the risk issues that are mainly associated or related with them (Jeffery, M. & Norton, J. F., â€Å"MDCM, Inc. (B): Strategic IT Portfolio Management†). The most appropriate IT project initiatives that MDCM analyses can become a part in order to improve its global IT. The organization took the initiative on unifying its methodology and technical values. The corporate team of MDCM wanted to eliminate the numerous different standards and IT methodologies that are prevailing across the company. This approach would help them to reduce the project sequence and encourage information distribution across IT development teams. This initiative was very much essential for MDCM in order to improve the future system development capability of the organization (Jeffery, M. & Norton, J. F., â€Å"MDCM, Inc. (B): Strategic IT Portfolio Management†). The other significant project initiative of

Microsoft Office Licensing Essay Example for Free

Microsoft Office Licensing Essay The 2007 Microsoft Office Suites can be purchase under different types of licenses according to the requirements of the purchaser. These different types of licensing are Retail or Full Package Product (FPP) licensing, Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) licensing, Volume licensing, and Academic and Academic-Volume licensing terms (Microsoft Office Suites, 2007). When the Office Suite is purchased from a retail outlet or downloaded from the network, it comes with a retail or FPP license. Retail licenses are comparatively expensive and come with shorter period of support from Microsoft. When the software is pre-installed in a newly-purchased computer system, it comes under OEM licensing. The OEM license is bounded with the machine and cannot be used in a different machine. The license loses its validity once the machine is non-functional or stops working. Microsoft volume licensing programs are tailored to meet the requirements of companies of different sizes starting from companies having as few as five desktops (Volume Licensing, 2007). The volume license programs offer increasing savings and other benefits with the increase in number of computer systems. Volume licenses are further classified into Open License, Select License, Enterprise Agreement and Enterprise Subscription Agreement. Microsoft Volume Licensing for educational institutions or Academic Licenses are available to educational institutions having requirements of at least five copies and mores. The academic licenses are offered at discounted prices. There are four types of academic licensing: Campus Agreement for higher educational institutions, School Agreements for K-12 schools and districts and pre-schools, Academic Open for academic institutions of any size and Academic Select for medium to large academic institutions (Education, 2007).

Terrorism - Its Time to Stop the War :: Argumentative Persuasive Topics

It's Time to Stop the War Military measures intended to support the arrest of a terrorist have turned into a large-scale attack on several of the poorest countries in the world, as well as on their populations, which is tormented by hunger and poverty and threatened by uprooting and death. As little as the gap between rich and poor in the world was the cause of the murderous attack on Sept.11, all the more are the attacks against Afghanistan and the Philippines are deepening this gap and thereby multiplying reasons to hate the West and its civilization. In the future the West will be less identified with its best qualities, with democracy, a constitutional order and prosperity than with its shadowy sides, with a lack of respect, arbitrary acts and violence. With every bomb that falls and every western soldier who kills on Afghan soil, the rich part of this world closes its eyes to the suffering of the peoples in the south. Even the apparent successes presently do not change this. With its offensive the West is not only undermining the idea of a collective legal effort to counteract terror, but is also betraying its own principles. In the final analysis this undeclared war is no longer being waged to combat terrorism but rather to preserve a reputation of military invincibility. Finally, with every day that war is waged there and with every new security law passed here (in the western world) , that very freedom which is supposedly being defended is threatened and those refugees, who are the products of this military action and its consequences, are marginalized. On September 11, not only did thousands of people suffer an agonizing death, but even western civilization suffered a defeat. Those murdered in the attack will not be restored to life through the war against the Taliban.

Is China’s Investment in Africa an Example of Neo-Colonialism or Is It an Example of South-South Development

Is China’s Investment in Africa an example of Neo-Colonialism or is it an example of South-South Development? China has been significantly involved in the development of African countries in recent years, with an estimated 1 million Chinese people now residing in Africa. Trade between China and Africa was worth in excess of $100 billion in 2010, which shows how important the relationship between the two areas has become. However, there are questions surrounding whether China is merely using Africa for its own benefits rather than investing in development of the poorest continent in the world.Angola Angola is China’s largest trading partner with a trade value of $24. 8 billion in 2010. Angola is a country with vast oil reserves and is now China’s largest supplier of oil shipping one million barrels every day. This supply has caused many Chinese TNCs to setup operations in Angola. These TNCs have brought with them their own Chinese workers due to their reputation f or a high level of speed and efficiency in their work. These workers earn what would be a huge wage for Angolans (? 20 per day).They return this money back to China meaning that income is lost from Angola and also there is a reduction in employment opportunities for Angolan workers, which doesn’t help to improve the high unemployment situation. However, many Angolans think Chinese investment is a massive positive due to the new infrastructure, goods and services that will be available for the public to purchase. The Chinese are helping to reconstruct a main railway line that runs through a large part of Africa. This has allowed small business people to sell their goods all across Africa.The effect of this is an increase in consumption for the economies as trade is vigorous and this could cause an increase in economic growth if trading continues and also grows. Locals think that Chinese have done a good job on the railways as they are making more money (increase in standard of living) However, the railway is heavily linked with oil. China only provides loans and cheap finance (used to pay for railway) with Angola in return for the oil. So they’re not necessarily just developing a nation, they want to gain themselves in return.Oil is a key commodity needed for production, which is largely what China’s economy is made up of. Chinese construction companies also receive lucrative contracts, so income again is flowing back to China. So from this, we cans see that China has a neo-colonialism style relationship with Angola, but also has helped improve the standard of living for their people. Zambia Zambia has also experienced interest from China. Tourism is one of Zambia’s most important industries due to its scenery, weather and animal diversity.The Chinese tourist sector is growing massively, and will be essential for nations like Zambia in the future. However, factors of Chinese culture mean that Zambian wildlife is being threatened. Inc reasing numbers of elephants have been killed for their ivory, even though the international trade of it is illegal. But, its price on the black market has been soaring. Ivory is being made into chopsticks in China once it is exported. Also, many Zambian traders resent the Chinese competition. Zambians have lost a lot of income to Chinese sellers, and indigenous industries could be crushed by Chinese competition.Chinese sellers have also treated their workers terribly. Zambia has one of the largest supplies of copper in the world, and the Chinese Metal Ferrous Group now owns the mine. This is an example of exploitation of resources as they will export it back to China, and Zambia loses a great opportunity to generate large quantities of income. This an example of the Chinese taking as much as possible and giving little back to the local economy. This shows that China has had a completely negative impact on Zambia as a nation, and is a clear example of how neo-colonialism still can e xist.Zimbabwe Zimbabwe has experienced terrible economic problems recently. It has been hit with the second highest inflation rate ever recorded due to hyperinflation and the rapid decrease in value of their currency. It has been run for 30 years by Robert Mugabe. Western governments have imposed countless sanctions for his regime’s terrible record on human rights. However, China has supported Mugabe on the international stage and the Chinese government has opposed sanctions. Therefore, China is making life easy for Mugabe to continue to abuse human rights laws.Here again shows how China has had now positive impact on Zimbabwe, and they have decreased the standard of living for its people as Mugabe’s reign continues. The Democratic Republic of Congo The DRC has a vast reserve of copper, diamonds, cobalt and other rare metals. It is very important to China has their top import it valuable minerals with a trade value of $50. 6 billion, way above its second largest import of metal ($6. 5 billion). 90% of Katanga’s minerals go to China as miners sell their minerals to Chinese traders based in Congo.The miners say that the Chinese are effectively ‘stealing from them’ as the price they pay is so low for these valuable materials. Allegations have also been raised that local workers have been abused. China’s activity in the DRC is a typical example of neo-colonialism as they are exploiting miners and buying at such low prices it feels like they are being stolen from. Tanzania Tanzania is one of China’s oldest trading partners. One of the largest railways in the world, The Tazara Railway was built by Chinese workers in Tanzania, and is a symbol of pride for the country. China also gives Tanzania significant aid and financial support.This is one of the only examples that really shows how China are interested in developing an African nation and aren’t exploiting the country’s natural resources for their own ga in. Conclusion In conclusion, China is involved in both neo-colonialism and development in African nations. However, I think that they have a greater influence using a neo-colonialist style of interest. They have exploited many nations in Africa, so it is clear that they are trying to benefit their own nation and further increase their impressive rate of growth with cheaper resources for their thriving productive industry.

Roman Society and Medieval Society: The Comparison

There are many distinct differences between Medieval society as illustrated by Achen in 800 AD and Roman society as illustrated by Pompeii in 79 AD, with some similarities. There are many aspects to examine, such as education, religion, tolerance, social classes, materialism, view of time, infra-structure, trade and cities. The first difference to look at is cities and that they were structured differently. In Pompeii, there was the patrician and plebeians. In Achen, classes were different, although the Christian church viewed everyone as equal. The classes contained and separated lords, knights, peasants and serfs. One thing common between these cities were slaves. Education is another part of these cultures. In Pompeii, many of the citizens were literate and schooling began at an early age. In Achen, even Charlemange couldn†t read or write, although he made repeated attempts to revive learning. The people who were literate were mainly monks. Religion is another difference between the cultures. In Pompeii, religion was based on polytheism, whereas in Achen it was monotheistic because most were Christian. From religion comes another aspect, that of tolerance. In Achen, there was no tolerance or acceptance of other religions. In Pompeii, they mostly were accepting. Materialism consumed people of Pompeii. For example, during the eruption of Vesuvius, citizens could be seen running away carrying all their valuable gold jewelry and belongings. In Achen, there was the Christian belief that you should die a pauper because your afterlife is what mattered. Afterlife is what affected the people of Achen†s view of time. They were thinking about heaven and their life in eternity. In Pompeii, people were concerned with their every day life and chores. Another part of the cultures to compare is infra-structure. In Pompeii, they had aqueducts, which was an advanced water piping system and stone roads. In Achen, the most they had was ruins of the Roman civilization. This relates to the affect of trade in the time periods. In Pompeii, trade was bustling because of the easy transportation on roads. For Achen, there was no trade at all. They were most concerned with providing enough food for themselves. This makes another difference between the two places. Pompeii was a busy, fairly-sized city. Achen was merely a village, hardly busy in the least. There are many more things to compare between Achen and Pompeii. But from what is represented in my essay, it is clear how far from similar Achen and Pompeii are. Roman Society and Medieval Society: The Comparison There are many distinct differences between Medieval society as illustrated by Achen in 800 AD and Roman society as illustrated by Pompeii in 79 AD, with some similarities. There are many aspects to examine, such as education, religion, tolerance, social classes, materialism, view of time, infra-structure, trade and cities. The first difference to look at is cities and that they were structured differently. In Pompeii, there was the patrician and plebeians. In Achen, classes were different, although the Christian church viewed everyone as equal. The classes contained and separated lords, knights, peasants and serfs. One thing common between these cities were slaves. Education is another part of these cultures. In Pompeii, many of the citizens were literate and schooling began at an early age. In Achen, even Charlemange couldn†t read or write, although he made repeated attempts to revive learning. The people who were literate were mainly monks. Religion is another difference between the cultures. In Pompeii, religion was based on polytheism, whereas in Achen it was monotheistic because most were Christian. From religion comes another aspect, that of tolerance. In Achen, there was no tolerance or acceptance of other religions. In Pompeii, they mostly were accepting. Materialism consumed people of Pompeii. For example, during the eruption of Vesuvius, citizens could be seen running away carrying all their valuable gold jewelry and belongings. In Achen, there was the Christian belief that you should die a pauper because your afterlife is what mattered. Afterlife is what affected the people of Achen†s view of time. They were thinking about heaven and their life in eternity. In Pompeii, people were concerned with their every day life and chores. Another part of the cultures to compare is infra-structure. In Pompeii, they had aqueducts, which was an advanced water piping system and stone roads. In Achen, the most they had was ruins of the Roman civilization. This relates to the affect of trade in the time periods. In Pompeii, trade was bustling because of the easy transportation on roads. For Achen, there was no trade at all. They were most concerned with providing enough food for themselves. This makes another difference between the two places. Pompeii was a busy, fairly-sized city. Achen was merely a village, hardly busy in the least. There are many more things to compare between Achen and Pompeii. But from what is represented in my essay, it is clear how far from similar Achen and Pompeii are.

Imporant Decisions In Huck Finn Essays - English-language Films

Imporant Decisions In Huck Finn Essays - English-language Films Imporant Decisions In Huck Finn Important decisions made by the protagonist in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Huck Finn, the protagonist, made many story altering decisions throughout the novel. Three monumental decisions are lying to the bounty hunters about Jim, tearing up the letter to Miss Watson about Jim and himself, and hiding the gold the duke and the king conned out of the Wilks. Two of the choices by Huck decide the fate and freedom of a human being, Jim, making them very powerful decisions that he has to make. Huck often makes these decisions rashly but they turn out to work very well for him. The three important decisions and why and how he made them show deeply how Huck Finn thinks and feels. One of Huck's major decisions not involving Jim is turning his back on the king and the duke, by hiding the Wilks gold. Huck more or less goes along with the duke and the king's plans until this one because of how nice the Wilks girls are to him. Huck had many choices and could have stuck with the duke and the king but changes his mind after Mary Jane and Susan are so nice to him and scold Joanna for questioning him. After Mary Jane scolds her Huck says to himself this is the girl I'm letting that old reptile rob of her money! (169). Mary Jane and Susan make Joanna apologize to Huck and Joanna apologizes so beautiful it was good to hear (169). Joanna apologizing and Mary Jane and Susan sticking up for him makes Huck like them so much that he feels so ornery and low down and mean that I says to myself, my mind's made up; I'll hive that money for them or bust(169). Huck then goes to bed early and sneaks up to the king and dukes room to steal the money. When the king and the duke talk a bout just taking the six thousand they already have and knocking off and lighting out(170). it makes Huck feel pretty bad(170). Huck feeling bad shows that he still believes what he is doing is right and wants to punish the king and the duke and have them get caught and shown for the frauds they are. Over the long term Huck does regret being involved in the downfall of the royalty, he says when he sees the king and the duke tarred and feathered that I felt sorry for them pitiful rascals. . . and felt kind of . . . to blame(222). Another major decision by Huck about Jim's freedom is Huck deciding to rip up the letter he was going to write to Miss Watson about where Jim is being held until the reward is paid.. Huck decides to write the letter in chapter thirty-one after he discovers that Jim has been sold by the king and the duke for money. Huck can not think of a plan to get Jim free and has no idea where Jim is so he says to himself Once I said to myself it would be a thousand times better for Jim to be a slave at home where his family was, as long as he'd got to be a slave, and so I'd better write a letter to Tom Sawyer and tell him to tell Miss Watson where he was (204). Huck then thinks that if Jim is given back to Miss Watson he will be treated badly or sold down the river again for being ungrateful and trying to run away. He also thinks that people will look at him badly for trying to help a slave run away. Huck is then hit by the hand of Providence (204). and believes that Jim was taken and sold becaus e it is God's way of saying that he will not allow people who help slaves to run away go unpunished. God watching over him makes Huck so scared that he decides to pray and try to become a good person. Huck tries to pray to become a good person, but knows that he will and does not want to become one, and he can not pray a lie. So Huck decides to write

Airtime HTH

We then asked them to rate Airtime HTH on a set of relevant factors based on their current performance. We then correlated both the results to find how the Airtime HTH performed in contrast to its brand Image in the market. Airtime digital TV is an Indian direct-broadcast satellite service provider owned and operated by Birth Airtime. Its satellite service, launched in 2008, transmits digital satellite television and audio to households in India. It uses MPEG-4 digital compression with DVB-SO technology, transmitting using the satellite SEES 108. EYE.As of 28 November 2014, Airtime digital TV has total 383 Channels and Services including 25 HAD channels. Its primary competitors are Dish TV, Data Sky, Evidence duh and cable elevation providers. It has a total subscriber base Of 9. 54 million as Of 30 September 2014 The survey was conducted through online medium. We designed a questionnaire and asked people to fill it. The participants belonged to North Indian states of Punjab, Harlan, Whimsical Pradesh, Attar Pradesh, Delhi and Registrar. The questionnaire was filled by 271 respondents which included people from all the age groups and both the genders.The aim of conducting the research was to know: Market share of Airtime HTH in a sample of the population. Consumer behavior toward the product. Customers preferences for buying Airtime HTH. Driving factors for buying Airtime HTH. Pop holes in the service provided to the customer; and to come up with solutions to further improve the services required by the customer. We conducted live interviews of Airtime set top box dealers in Changer region through which we came to know about the salient features that a customer keeps in mind while buying a HTH service. On the basis of interviews, we included the following issues in this research: C] Price of set top box Ease of installation Number of channels Signal strength User Interface Monthly Charges Ease of payment After sales services Ability to record programs Flexibility in choosing channel packages Offers/schemes provided by Airtime HTH These are the general features that a customer keeps in mind while buying a HTH service, that is why these were included for conducting the survey. Conducting the interviews helped defining the research process.It focused our attention to the specific issues that were required to include in the research. Following are the issues that we have identified which have been included on the survey: Price Brand Image Number of Channels Signal Strength Ease of Installation Ability to Record Program Flexibility in Choosing Channels Offers/Schemes Quality of Sound and Video Importance of the selected issues to research Price: It plays a great role in buying behavior of the customers as one can spend according to on?s income.

Fredric Edwin Church, 1826-1900, United States of America, Aurora Essay

Fredric Edwin Church, 1826-1900, United States of America, Aurora Borealis-1865 - Essay Example Later on, after returning from the expedition he embarked on the painting, carefully finishing one of the supreme paintings, the Aurora Borealis. The Aurora Borealis painting is a pictorial representation of the northern lights of America. Currently, the famous painting is located in â€Å"Smithsonian American Art Museum, in Washington DC† (Avery). In the mid-nineteenth century, and on return of Church with his friend Hayes, they found America in the middle of a Civil war. Hayes being part of the Union swore in a loud voice that he would carry the flag of America without any star erasing, to the extreme northern limits of the earth. He was referring to the northern lights, well depicted on canvas by Fredric Edwin Church (Avery). Because of Hayes’ vow, people viewed Church’s painting as the Union’s symbol of its cause, hence giving the painting its unique importance and fame. Primarily, the piece, Aurora Borealis-1865, provides ordinary people with an opportunity to witness a rather rare natural phenomenon probably they would have never seen. Church made the painting on a canvas basing it on a landscape that he had viewed; hence, it is an ideal way of providing people with a site like never before. The Aurora Borealis, 1865, has always made a monumental impact on people who view it. First, it is a way of appreciating nature, as Church was keen to note how beautiful the wilderness landscape was, hence putting it on canvas. Moreover as per now nature is a paramount concern of the world as people aim at salvaging the remaining part of it. Hence, the oil on canvas painting of Aurora Borealis, 1865, acts as an inspiration for people to achieve this goal (Avery). From an artist view of the piece, it posses stupendous  features, which give the painting an impressive look to the viewer. Within the painting, he added details such as giving the water a reflective effect, subsequently forming a burnished surface. As a way of giving it more visual impression,